Free Gambling & Money
Free Gambling & Money
Content
- Chicken Road Players Reviews Who Played This Game
- Chicken Road Bonuses And Features
- The Chicken Road Concept – Strategy Meets Risk
But before you start chasing those golden eggs, let’s peck at some essential strategies. 🐔 Welcome to the wildest farm-to-road adventure in the casino world! This charming yet thrilling slot combines humor with high-stakes action in a perfectly balanced gameplay that appeals to both casual players and serious gamblers.
Chicken Road 2.0 introduced major improvements, and we expect future versions or features — possibly including power-ups, leaderboard challenges, or seasonal modes. Stay tuned to Chicken Road Masters for the latest news and releases. Whether you’re a returning player or new to the game, Chicken Road 2.0 feels smoother, smarter, and more rewarding.
🚀 The Chicken Road app download process couldn’t be simpler! Just tap the download button above, and within moments, you’ll be guiding your plucky poultry across treacherous paths. Our compact apk file ensures minimal storage impact while maximizing gameplay quality. 🌟 The Chicken Road mobile adaptation shines brilliantly across all smartphones and tablets. The game performs flawlessly on both platforms, ensuring that no player misses out on the fun regardless of their device preference. These doubling-up strategies are suicide in crash games because you can lose everything in one round.
- Most licensed UK casinos have policies for game interruptions.
- Each setting changes the number of 1xbet الموقع الرسمي steps, risk rate, and possible multiplier.
- This constant tension makes Chicken Road gambling experiences much more exciting than graph-based crash games.
When playing Chicken Road at Canadian online casinos, it’s important to keep your experience positive and under control. If you’re new to the Chicken Road gambling game, we highly recommend trying the free Chicken Road demo first. This demo mode lets you practice gameplay mechanics and test strategies without risking any real money. If you prefer a more conservative playing style, the “Easy” or “Medium” modes are a suitable choice. These modes provide more frequent, albeit smaller, wins, offering a more consistent gameplay experience. This strategy can be appealing to players who prioritize entertainment and want to extend their playing time.
There is no strategy that guarantees 100% success in Chicken Road. The game is based on unpredictability, which is its main feature. To play effectively, you need to cross the lines carefully and withdraw funds before the Chicken Cross the Road gambling game ends. Chicken Road runs on a randomized algorithm using Provably Fair technology. The probability of winning depends on what difficulty level and bet you set.
With robust bankroll management tools and instant access to real money play, the Chicken Road app ensures you never miss a chance to win big. The Chicken Road game is a captivating online gambling experience where players guide a chicken across a hazardous path, inspired by the classic ‘chicken cross’ theme. As amini game, Chicken Road allows players to place real bets for a chance at high multipliers, making each round both thrilling and potentially lucrative. The core objective is to advance the chicken through a series of stages, with each successful stage increasing the player’s potential winnings. Many casinos and gaming platforms offer a free demo version of Chicken Road 2, allowing players to try the game without placing real bets.
This system adds a level of excitement, making each round unpredictable and thrilling. The animations are smooth and dynamic, ensuring that each spin feels engaging. Whether it’s the fluttering of feathers or the rolling of eggs, the game is filled with delightful visual effects that enhance the gameplay. Additionally, interactive elements such as moving tractors and animated farm animals add to the game’s charm.
The beauty of this system is that higher difficulty doesn’t just mean more danger – it means exponentially bigger potential payouts. Your choice of difficulty level should match your risk tolerance and your strategic approach to the game. If you enjoy the game Chicken Road, you can find other playgrounds to test and diversify your gambling experience. Narrow down the palette of choices either by genre or by the features you want to get.
Easy is great for learning, Hard adds more adrenaline, and Hardcore is the ultimate test for those who live for extremes. Unfortunately, not every site offering Chicken Road gambling is reliable. Some platforms may not be properly regulated, and that can lead to a poor gaming experience. That’s why we’ve tested and reviewed casinos ourselves, to ensure players only get the best and safest options. Chickenroadgamecanada.com is dedicated to providing Canadian players with valuable information about the game of Chicken Road. We urge Canadian players to ensure they comply with all necessary legal rules and requirements before engaging in any casino of their choice, 18+.
One of the most remarkable factors of the Chicken Road by Inout Games is its possibility of choosing the difficulty level. This grants for the players to balance the frequency of wins and higher multipliers, depending on one’s level of tolerance with respect to risk taking. As if these were not enough, the game contains the “Space to Spin” component, which improves comfort and convenience, especially for those who prefer long gaming sessions.
The game cleverly incorporates elements of humor and lightheartedness, inviting players to engage with a narrative that is both familiar and entertaining. Chicken Road 2 by InOut invites you to enjoy an engaging slot experience with vibrant farm-themed graphics and smooth gameplay. This slot features medium volatility, making it suitable for players who enjoy a balanced mix of frequent and bigger wins. To start, choose your preferred betting amount and adjust your wager settings. Once you’re ready, hit the spin button to set the chicken in motion. The goal is to have the chicken successfully cross the road while triggering bonus rounds and multipliers that can significantly boost your winnings.
Chicken Road isn’t just a game — it’s a thrill-packed race for survival crafted by InOut Games. You take control of a brave little chicken, crossing the road step by step, each move multiplying your bet. With four escalating difficulty levels and a sky-high 98% RTP, every round is a high-stakes dash between risk and reward. For me, playing responsibly keeps the experience fun and stress-free.
In Chicken Road, symbols play a crucial role in determining the outcome of each game round. The most important symbol is the Golden Egg, which represents the ultimate goal and highest potential payout. As players guide the chicken through the stages, they’ll encounter various hazard symbols, with the Fire symbol being the most prominent and dangerous.
Chicken Road, also known as Chicken Cross, is not just another slot game – it’s an innovative twist on the classic “why did the chicken cross the road? ” concept, brought to life with engaging graphics and immersive gameplay. Chicken Road 2 offers an RTP (Return to Player) rate of approximately 96.2%, which is in line with industry standards for online slots.
Chicken Road Players Reviews Who Played This Game
Each site is licensed and known for giving players extra value and quick payout times. This high-quality 2D graphics game features vibrant, cartoon-style animations of hen characters, immersive gameplay, and dynamic sound effects. Chicken Road operates on a random number generator (RNG), meaning each cluck and step is entirely unpredictable.
Players can also access Chicken Road instantly at any Inout Games partner casino, enjoying seamless play on any device without the need for downloads. With an impressive 98% RTP, Chicken Road stands out, offering players a competitive edge. The game loads quickly and runs flawlessly on both iOS and Android devices. Recommended UK casinos offer the UK version of Chicken Road, featuring region-specific enhancements for an improved experience. The game opens with vibrant animations of bustling chickens roaming idyllic country roads, surrounded by colorful farm scenery. Symbols include clucking hens, golden eggs, rustic tools, and juicy corn cobs, each crafted with a whimsical style and crisp detail.
This chicken road gambling game is perfect for anyone who has ever tried their luck at betting with n number of levels catering to different players. But your chicken might meet a horrifying end if you are not watchful. InOut Games has designed Chicken Road Game, which is a one of a kind gambling entertainment, quite different from the rest. The arcade style money chicken crossing game is a mixture of a game of skill, adventure, and huge payouts. With 98% RPT and a maximum win potential of €20,000 Chicken Road is not just luck; it’s knowing how and when to risk and when to take a bow.
While this doesn’t influence the RNG, it prevents predictable losses and might align with lucky streaks. Some players increase bets after several losses, others after wins – find what works for your comfort level. 🎮 Touch controls on Chicken Road mobile are a revelation!
Visit optimal cashout timing usually occurs after 5 to 7 successive obstacles. You’ve probably seen an advert on a telegram bot that can make you win every time on Chicken Road. These are obviously scamsno software is capable of preventing the next blow. Only play at reliable casinos and join the official telegram of Chicken Road. For more details, use your casino’s live chat or check the “Game Rules” in Chicken Road. There you’ll find paytable info, game odds, troubleshooting help, keyboard shortcuts, and tools for responsible gaming like session limits and reality checks.
The gameplay of Chicken Road is intuitive, making it accessible to both novice and seasoned players. Players begin by selecting a bet amount ranging from €0.01 to €200. After placing a bet, the game starts with the chicken positioned at the beginning of the road. With each click of the “Go” button, the chicken advances one step forward. Each successful step increases the multiplier, thereby enhancing potential winnings. However, with each advancement, there’s a risk that flames may erupt from a manhole, ending the game and resulting in a loss of the current bet.
Its core appeal lies in the interactive gameplay, where players guide a chicken through a series of hazards, making real-time decisions that impact their potential winnings. The adjustable difficulty levels cater to a wide range of players, from cautious beginners to risk-takers seeking big rewards. With a high RTP of 98% and a transparent, provably fair system, Chicken Road 2 provides an environment where players can feel confident about the fairness of each round. Chicken Road features an impressive RTP (Return to Player) percentage of 98%, positioning it among the highest-return casino games available today.
In France, RNG titles like Chicken Road have not yet been approved by the ANJ. To chance the crossing, you therefore need to use overseas platforms licensed by the Malta Gaming Authority or Curaçao eGaming. These regulators guarantee encryption, independent audits and the protection of your data; you can thus enjoy InOut Gaming’s chicken without any stress. Chicken Road employs a sophisticated 256-bit Mersenne Twister RNG system that generates over 4.3 billion possible combinations per cycle. This ensures each game round stands completely independent from previous plays. Neither you nor the casino can predict or influence outcomes, creating a truly level playing field every time you press “play.”
Chicken Road Bonuses And Features
To help you win real money—if you’re fast enough to cash out in time. The Chicken Road app allows you to play the game on both Android and iOS devices. You can access it through a partnered casino’s application, ensuring smooth gameplay without additional downloads.
Analysis of thousands of rounds across all difficulty levels reveals proven techniques that consistently outperform random or emotional decision-making. HTML5 technology ensures smooth, responsive gameplay with touch-friendly controls designed specifically for smartphone and tablet interfaces. Begin by selecting a reputable online casino that offers Chicken Road in its game library. Look for casinos with good reviews, proper licensing, and a track record of fair play.
No two rounds feel the same because you never know when the flames will strike. This constant tension makes Chicken Road gambling experiences much more exciting than graph-based crash games. In Chicken Road, winning is determined by how many safe stages the player successfully navigates before cashing out or hitting a hazard.
Opening a chicken road crossing game gambling profile is straightforward on any UKGC-approved site. Nodes are distributed across regions to reduce latency, keeping games smooth even at peak times. Game fairness is verifiable through cryptographic hashes, giving players confidence in outcomes. Immutable timestamps log actions for dispute resolution, ensuring transparency. For anyone looking to try a unique, polished crash game with real payout potential, Chicken Road is worth playing. Use the golden run when you’re ahead or playing with extra funds.
The Chicken Road Concept – Strategy Meets Risk
On Chicken Road, we decided to apply a 98% RTP and a “only” 2% margin, allowing for the greatest probability of winning games. Your goal is to help your chicken cross several lanes of traffic. With each successful crossing, your potential payout grows.
You can play Chicken Road 2 on Billionaire Spin, Vinci Spin, Savaspin, Oscarspin, BDMBand… Chicken Road 2 is a reliable mini-game, however, some ads use deep fakes of stars like Cristiano Ronaldo or MrBeast to get you to install fake apps. There is no official app or APK to play Chicken Road 2, just register and play on your mobile browser. If you’re searching for a slot with a personality all its own, Chicken Road by InOut Gaming delivers something different. This Canadian-friendly title trades ancient temples and classic fruits for a determined chicken dodging traffic, potholes, and runaway tires.
You can set daily, weekly or monthly deposit limits, decide in advance how much to wager or lose, set timers and receive reminders to monitor your time online. If you need a break, you can self-exclude at any time for a period of your choosing. We also offer self-assessment tests and links to external specialist support resources.
This mini-game combines dead-simple mechanics with heart-stopping suspense as you guide a brave chicken across dangerous lanes packed with multiplying rewards. Popular among players for its exceptional 98% RTP and massive £17,500 max win potential, this review covers everything you need to know before diving in. Testing shows that Chicken Road offers one of the most engaging risk-management experiences in the crash game world. As players progress through the game, a prominently displayed multiplier increases with each successful stage. This real-time update of potential winnings adds to the game’s tension and excitement. As the chicken advances, players watch with anticipation as the multiplier climbs, potentially reaching impressive heights in the later stages.
You’ll never hit those x100+ multipliers, but you’ll also sleep better knowing consistent profits are building up. ” sounds clever until you realize you’re one bad streak away from bankruptcy. This classic mistake destroys bankrolls faster than you can say “fried chicken,” especially in a game where single rounds can wipe out everything. Chicken Road casino game is available on Androind and iOS devices through a web version or a partner casino app. Our iOS app can be downloaded from the App Store, while the Android version is unavailable on Google Play.
The developers focused on mobile casinos when creating the slot. The game is designed using HTML5, which works perfectly on any modern device without downloading the Chicken Road app. The interface adapts to small screens, and the game doesn’t lose performance when played on a smartphone. The better you strategize in the Chicken Road demo, the more confident you will feel when you decide to play for real money.
The lightweight design ensures quick loading times and stable gameplay, even on lower-end hardware. Chicken Road slot offers an RTP of 96.1%, which is a strong figure for players in South Africa seeking fair chances. The volatility of this game is medium, meaning wins can come at a steady pace—neither too far apart nor too frequent. This balance gives most players an engaging experience without long dry spells or constant small wins. Free spins and bonus features can also increase rewards, adding to the enjoyment.
From a betting strategy angle, Chicken Road isn’t about complex systems. There’s no room for counting patterns or implementing edge-based tactics. The volatility is too high, and the crash point too unpredictable. You can place actual bets and win real cash based on your multiplier, and when you decide to cash out. The Chicken Road game is fully adapted for smartphones and tablets using HTML5. Download options are available on the official casino site for Android and iOS.
Australian casinos offer specific bonuses for your Chicken Road sessions. Welcome packages typically match your first deposit 100%, doubling your funds for road-crossing adventures. Their commitment to quality has positioned them as a rising star among game providers. 🐔 Welcome to the craziest farmyard gambling experience ever created!
Multipliers are the driving force behind Chicken Road’s big win potential. With each step the chicken takes, the multiplier increases, sometimes reaching astronomical heights on higher difficulty levels. The maximum win can be as high as 3,203,384.8x the stake, with a hard cap of €20,000 per round. This makes every round a high-stakes adventure, especially for players willing to risk it all for a shot at the top prize. Don’t miss the chance to experience Chicken Road firsthand! We offer a free demo version of the game so you can explore all its features without any risk.
The Chicken Road game has emerged as a popular choice among UK players seeking a unique and engaging online gambling experience. Known as ‘game chicken road’, this online slot challenges players to guide a chicken through obstacles to earn rewards. The Chicken Road crossing game is a type of crash game, featuring a high RTP, strategic play, and adjustable difficulty levels to manage risk and rewards. Chicken Cross, developed by Upgaming, is a thrilling arcade-style casino game that puts a unique spin on the classic “why did the chicken cross the road?
Keep in mind that you pay to play so if you can try to at least win your money back, consider it a win. There is a high volatility of 98 but it helps that it’s a 98% RTP. To best avoid becoming a roasted chicken, you play the easiest mode for less risk. However, sometimes taking a chance can lead to much bigger rewards.
However, it isn’t available in several locations, including the United States. There are at least 10 Stake.us chicken game titles in the lobby right now, but we’ve selected the five best. If you register here with our exclusive promo code DEADSPIN, you can get up to 56 Stake Cash (SC), 560,000 Gold Coins (GC), and 5% rakeback in free bonuses over 30 days. Read our review at chicken-road.com.in and learn everything about this top-notch and captivating game.
If you want to go for this tactic, lowering your bet sizes is crucial to prevent flushing your budget down. Twice a year eCOGRA and iTech Labs pull millions of game records, confirming that the theoretical return to player holds at 96.24 % within a ±0.2 % tolerance. Each sample is measured against Chi-square benchmarks to make sure no hidden patterns creep in. The latest certificates sit inside the Fair Play menu; feel free to download them and examine the figures yourself. Our team tests every sprite, sound and speed setting until the run feels right. We want the challenge to excite, never frustrate, and the outcome to remain fair.
Use the plus and minus buttons or type in your desired bet amount. Consider your overall budget and gambling strategy when setting your bet. It’s often wise to start with smaller bets as you familiarize yourself with the game mechanics. Remember, responsible gambling is key, so never bet more than you can afford to lose.
Yes, NineCasino offers a demo version of the Chicken Road slot game. To play Chicken Road, choose a difficulty level and guide the chicken along the road, avoiding obstacles to increase your potential rewards. The game is easy to start and offers varying levels of risk based on your choices. Available for iOS and Android devices, this Chicken Road online game brings the action to your smartphone. Among key features are touch-based controls, regular updates, and seamless gameplay on any gadget. The multiplier in the Chicken Road crash game functions as a score enhancer.
Whether you deposit by card, crypto or e-wallet, every gateway is PCI-DSS Level 1 compliant, keeping your transactions fully protected from start to finish. Unlock Chicken Road with Face ID or Touch ID, top up your balance via Apple Pay, Google Pay or a 3-D Secure bank card, then resume your session thanks to cloud save. Look for “Chicken Road – InOut Gaming” in your app store or use direct links from your preferred casino’s website. Remember to only enable installations from verified casino operators. With a 98% RTP, Chicken Road is far more generous than most crash titles, which often sit below this benchmark. This fairness is one of the reasons why Chicken Road reviews are so positive.
This is ideal for beginners who want to play games with virtually no risk. The advantage is that there are only two parameters to fill in – specify the bet size and choose the difficulty level. The number of trapdoors and the chances of winning depend on the difficulty level. In the easy level the chance of losing is 1 in 25, and in the hardcore version 10 in 25. Players can try Chicken Road demo mode to learn the game without any financial risk. It’s a useful way to get comfortable with the flow of the game before playing with real money.
Set an Auto Cash Out value to collect winnings automatically at your target multiplier. You start by selecting your bet amount before the chicken begins its journey. Watch as your feathered friend crosses the busy road, dodging oncoming cars while the multiplier climbs with each successful step forward. Even though there’s no dedicated application, our game is fully optimized for mobile play.
Paying attention to symbols helps avoid sudden losses and boosts long-term success. Win up to €20,000 per round by reaching the highest multipliers. Pin-Up did a great job adding this game, but the odds aren’t as good as advertised.
This means that for every £100 wagered across an extended play period, the expected return is £98 — though actual short-term results may differ significantly. Some versions of Chicken Road slot feature the recent rounds’ results at the bottom of the screen. If you can see those results, take the opportunity to check if you can recognize any trap patterns or streaks.
Chicken Road is perfect for strategy exploration or cash payouts, providing effortless switching between demo and live mode. The adaptability in this transition caters to both newcomers and seasoned risk-takers. The flexible betting range in Chicken Road Game ensures both casual players and high-rollers can enjoy it. You can start small or take bigger risks depending on your budget and comfort level. The Chicken Road features an impressive 98% RTP, making it one of the most player-friendly titles in the instant-crash genre. A high RTP means better long-term odds and a stronger sense of fairness.
The following list outlines key Chicken Road strategies to help you get started. Many casinos offer free bets, deposit bonuses, cashback, and special promos for new and regular players. It’s simple—cash out early, usually when the multiplier hits between 1.5x and 3x. Over time, these small wins can really add up, and you will lose less. The demo includes all the same features as the full game, so you get the full experience before betting real money.
I’ve found Medium, with 22 steps and a 12% loss chance per line, strikes a nice balance for decent wins without constant heartbreak. The further you progress, the higher the stakes, and seeing those multipliers grow is pure adrenaline. Remember, casinos may cap winnings at €20,000, so check terms before chasing the biggest prizes. It is clear that you can win 20,000 GBP at the hardcore level if you place a small bet, or at the easy level if you place the maximum bet.
We launch it straight in our web browser on the official site—no registration, email, or KYC documents required. Built in HTML5, the demo works smoothly on Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android devices, so there’s no need for extra downloads. Since we’re using play coins, there are no responsible gaming limits like time-outs or loss caps, but age verification remains mandatory for UK players. The application is very smooth on Apple devices, taking full advantage of the convenient touchscreens and silky smooth animations that iPhones are renowned for. To start playing, simply sign up on a casino platform that offers Chicken Road, make a deposit, and choose your bet amount. You can start with as little as ₹1 and increase your stakes as you play.
For example, one bet cashes out at 2.0x, the other goes for 6.0x. Practice makes perfect, and with unlimited demo rounds, South Africans can test as much as they want. South Africans love accessible entertainment, and Chicken Road offers the perfect mix of thrill and ease. By taking these precautions, you can enjoy the Chicken Road with peace of mind, knowing that your funds and personal information are protected. By understanding these common errors, you can improve your performance and protect your bankroll.
🎮 Chicken Road 2 performs flawlessly across all mobile platforms. Whether you’re an Apple enthusiast with the latest iPhone or an Android aficionado, the game delivers consistent quality and performance. Even tablet users will find the experience perfectly adapted to their larger screens.
Featuring 5 reels and 25 paylines, it enables players to enjoy frequent winning opportunities along with entertaining rural-themed gameplay. Step into the colorful countryside with Chicken Road 2, a captivating slot game from the innovative provider InOut. This sequel builds on the charm and fun of its predecessor, inviting players into a lively world filled with amusing chickens, rustic farm visuals, and cheerful animations. The game has quickly garnered attention in the UK market thanks to its engaging theme and rewarding gameplay mechanics. This way, you can play Chicken Road online or offline, anytime you want. The full version includes more levels, new skins, and score tracking—features not available in the Chicken Road free demo.
This system is independently checked each quarter by eCOGRA and meets ISO standards, so our results are always fair and unpredictable. Our choices matter only in deciding how far to push the chicken or when to collect our winnings. With each move forward, the risk increases, but so does the potential payout based on a growing multiplier.
One of the main advantages of Chicken Road Demo is that it requires no registration or login. South African players can launch the game directly from their browser and start playing instantly. This is perfect for users who want to try the game casually or test strategies before making any financial commitment. Chicken Road is a totally random game, and your skills have no impact on the results displayed on the screen. For these reasons, Inout Games asks you to play responsibly and only play for fun, with money you are ready to lose.
This element of choice keeps players engaged and coming back for more. The Crash-style mechanics, along with various risk levels, should keep players locked in as they try to scoop large sums of money. This game has adjustable volatility, meaning players can switch between volatility modes.
Remember, the goal is to have fun — and Chicken Road original game is best enjoyed with a clear and balanced approach. The Chicken Road game gambling experience is fully optimized for mobile play, giving you the freedom to chase big wins anytime, anywhere. Whether you’re using Android or iOS, the game runs smoothly on all modern smartphones and tablets. Responsible gambling is paramount when engaging with the Chicken Road game UK. The UKGC enforces stringent regulations on online casinos to protect players. Adhere to these principles for a safe and enjoyable experience.
High odds in Chicken Road refer to the increased potential for significant winnings. This concept is fundamental to understanding the game’s risk-reward structure. When players encounter high odds, they face a greater chance of losing, but also the possibility of securing larger payouts. For those looking to experience this thrill firsthand, there is an opportunity to Chicken Road play online in the demo and test their luck and strategy. 4rabet is an online gambling company where users can enjoy various services including crash games, live games, and v-sports. It is designed for players looking for a smooth, fast-paced gaming experience, like when you play Chicken Road online.
This includes support for local currencies and regulatory adjustments if required by jurisdiction. Lightning struck twice for Player3 who claimed $750 on consecutive spins! I honestly thought this game was just hype, but it’s actually fantastic!
The game also features several customization options, letting you tailor your gameplay experience to your preferences. A fully functional Chicken Road free demo is available on our website. It’s identical to the real version, letting you practise without risking money. Responsible play ensures Chicken Road remains trustworthy entertainment instead of becoming stressful.
Easy mode gives you 30 safe steps before the fire traps become active. Multipliers rise slowly, usually topping out at around x23. It’s perfect for beginners who want to learn how Chicken Road works without the fear of losing instantly. UK players new to crash games often start here, using it as a training ground before trying harder levels. The demo version of Chicken Road is completely free to play.
Finding a reliable platform to enjoy Chicken Road is crucial if you’re a Canadian player eager to help that determined chicken cross the busy highway. Since InOut Gaming distributes this popular title through select aggregators, only a handful of regulated sites currently offer Chicken Road in their game libraries. Here’s where you can safely play this entertaining game while enjoying proper Canadian player protections. When players run out of credits, they can jump into a fun mini-game that involves hopping from nest to nest, collecting items to regain their strength for the next battle.
The Chicken Road game presents a unique and captivating blend of simple mechanics and thrilling gameplay. Its accessibility, easy-to-understand mechanics, and the potential for substantial rewards provide a compelling gaming experience for players in the UK. The game has a high return to player (RTP) rate of 98%, offering strong potential payouts.